mortiz085

A soil at the heart of Samar, the third largest island of the Philippine archipelago, and along the Paranas-Taft road at about 300 m above sea level (within the Samar Island Natural Park) easily catches the attention of travellers. This is because it is unique: it is green in color. As far as I know, no soil with such color has yet been reported in the scientific literature. The melanterite soil near the Bagacay mining area in Samar island The dominant green color is probably due to the abundance of the secondary mineral called melanterite, a hydrated iron sulphate mineral (FeSO4.7H2 O) formed from the decomposition of pyrite or other iron minerals due to the action of surface waters. Melanterite is known to be stable only under highly acidic condition. It is commonly found in mines as a post-mining formation on mine walls, in sulfidic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks as well as in coal and lignite deposits. It indicates the possible presence of sulfuric acid and should not be handled...

The catena concept in soil science comes from the Latin word “catena” which means chain. So it is a chain of soils linked by topography. It also refers to a sequence of soils in different positions in the landscape. It was introduced to the scientific literature by Geoffrey Milne (1898-1942) in a paper entitled “Some suggested units of classification and mapping particularly for East African soils” published in Soil Research-Bodenkundliche Forschung, Supplement to the Proceedings of the International Union of Soil Science Vol. IV No. 3 (1935), pp: 183-198. He noted “the regular repetition of a certain sequence of soil profiles in association with topography” in East Africa which was also observed earlier (in 1911 and 1912) by the German Peter Vageler. Milne wrote that "a distinctive word is needed in referring to this phenomenon" hence, he proposed the word catena. Ernst Schlichting (1923-1988) who was professor at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart pioneered the appro...

The Hohenheimer Bodenkundliche Hefte (ISSN 0942-0754) or Hohenheim Soil Science Book Series will be 20 years old in 2012. Since the release in 1992 of Volume 1 with the title “Stickstoff-Dynamik in Catenen einer erosionsgepraegten Loesslandschaft by G. Lorenz” (Nitrogen dynamics in catenas of an erosion-affected loess landscape), it has already published a hundred volumes of original and relevant soil research. Volume 100 which came out last year (2011), was authored by Shabnam Rathore and carried the title “Assessment of biomass production potential on salt affected land: a soil and terrain database case study (SASOTER) in Badin District, South of Pakistan.” Published by the renowned Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation of the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany, this book series publishes dissertations and habilitations carried out at the Institute. During its early years, it was edited by Prof. U. Babel (Soil Biology), Prof. W.R. Fischer (Soil Chemistry), Prof. K....

December 05 of every year is celebrated as World Soil Day by the global community of more than 60,000 soil scientists. According to the official IUSS website, World Soil Day is held on the said date since it is the birthday of H.M. King Bhumibol Adulyadej, The King of Thailand, who has officially sanctioned the event. As a tribute to the soil as a vital resource, I am posting below a poem written in 2007 by one of my former students at Visayas State University, Juvia P. Sueta. Juvy is now finishing her PhD at the Buesgen Institute, University of Goettingen, Germany. The Soil Beneath by Juvia P. Sueta The soil tells a fascinating story of enduring patience and great beauty. Out of the hardened rock, it changes into an interesting mass of sand, silt, and clay. Exposed to the rain, wind and sunshine, it grows to maturity. Time polished it, throughout all history. Out of its bosom, the flowers bloom and trees grow steadily. And in its face, the children play. Below it; scholars, artists,...

Mining is a top and very controversial environmental issue in the Philippines today. It is increasingly becoming a divisive issue too. The government cite economic benefits as sufficient justification to support and encourage mining. In fact, the Intellasia News Online (http://www.intellasia.net) reported on 08 August 2011 that the Philippines' Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) has announced that about 5 million hectares of potentially mineralised areas across the archipelago are now open to local and foreign investors. On the other hand, environmental and religious groups strongly oppose mining because of its well-known negative environmental and health impacts. A Fact-Finding Team composed of human rights and environmental experts from the United Kingdom which looked into the impact of mining on the environment and peoples' livelihoods in the Philippines highlighted the occurrence of mining-related human rights abuses affecting local communities especially indigenous people;...

Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) is now an important crop in Leyte and Samar islands or Eastern Visayas (Region 8) in the Philippines. In fact, the Department of Agriculture (Region 8) and the Visayas Consortium for Agriculture and Resources Program (ViCARP) based at VSU have made it a priority crop for the region. Consequently, more studies are now being conducted by research centers and universities to improve jackfruit productivity and to develop jackfruit-based food products. A research funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (Manila) from 2000 to 2003 titled "Characterizing biophysical environments for research prioritization and agricultural production in Region 8 (VB Asio, BB Dargantes, PP Garcia, K Israel)" produced the first solid scientific evidence that jackfruit is generally suitable for the region based on climate, geology, topography, land use, and soil factors. Among the significant outputs of this research were the suitability maps developed using ...

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the end products of carbon decomposition in rice fields and other wetlands. Methane, a major greenhouse gas, is the terminal step of the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter in wetland soils. It is exclusively produced by methanogenic bacteria that can metabolize only in the absence of free oxygen and at redox potentials below -150 mV (Neue et al. 1997). According to the above-cited paper by Dr.H.U. Neue (former Head of the Soils Department at IRRI and later Professor of Soil Chemistry at the University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany) one of the pioneers in methane research in rice fields, methane is largely produced by transmethylation of acetic acid and to some extent, by the reduction of carbon dioxide in wetland soils. The rate and pattern of organic matter addition and decomposition also contribute to the rate and pattern of methane production. In rice field, methane production generally increases during the cropping season. Easily degrad...