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The Visayas State University (VSU), through the Philippine Higher Education Research Network (PHERNet) of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), is spearheading a research project on enhancing farm productivity and environmental quality in climate change vulnerable marginal uplands in Eastern Visayas. As part of the project activities, the university will organize a National Conference on Development Initiatives in the Philippine Philippine Marginal Uplands, with the theme, "Enhancing farm productivity and environmental quality of Philippine marginal uplands: A scan of the past and a look into the future." The conference will be held on 22-24 October 2013 at VSU, Baybay City, Leyte.

Marginal uplands are hilly or mountainous lands having very low crop productivity due to poor soil quality (degraded soil), limited water availability, and unfavorable socio-economic conditions. They are widespread in Southeast Asia and other parts of the humid tropics (e.g., Agustin and Garrity 1995; Asio et al., 2009). Resource poor-farmers (~ 1.4 billion people) in the developing world are located on these risk-prone marginal environments (Altieri 2002).  Marginal uplands in Inopacan and Hindang, Leyte In the Philippines, the poorest households, who are also the most vulnerable and most food insecure, are living and farming on these marginal lands (Roa 2007). The agro-ecological conditions in these areas are typically not suited to intensive production systems due to low-quality soils, hilly slopes, limited access to inputs or markets and extremely diverse and site specific conditions (Asio et al., 2009; Tyler 2004). Crops that can be grown on these marginal lands are often rest...

The Department of Agronomy and Soil Science at Visayas State University in Leyte, Philippines joins the global community of more than 60,000 soil scientists in celebrating the World Soil Day today, December 5. Our soil science program at VSU is now more than 30 years old. It produced the first batch of BSA (Soil Science) graduates in 1980. It is now among the top soil science programs in the Philippines.  Many of our BS alumni have become very successful professionals/scientists in various academic and research institutions in the Philippines and other parts of the world.  We are very proud to name a few: Dr. Leticia S. Sonon , University of Georgia, USA Dr. Marife D. Corre , University of Goettingen, Germany Dr. Nilda R. Burgos , University of Arkansas, USA Dr. Sergio M. Abit Jr ., Oklahoma State University, USA Dr. Joel Bandibas, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Japan Dr. Constancio Asis, Jr., Philippine Rice Research Institute (Phil...

Abaca plants Abaca ( Musa textilis Née), a relative of the edible banana ( Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana ), is a native to the Philippines. It is grown primarily for its fibers which are utilized by the pulp, cordage and fiber craft industries. Studies have shown that the specific tensile strength of abaca fiber is comparable to or even higher than that of fiberglass (Bledzki et al., 2007;Sinon, 2008). Dr. Marlito Bande and co-workers, in a paper to be published in the international journal Industrial Crops and Products 42:70– 77 , reported on the optimum light, nutrient and water requirements of abaca to attain optimum yield. They also discussed how these parameters affect fiber recovery and fiber quality under field conditions.  They showed that abaca planted under 50% shade had significantly (p < 0.01) higher fiber yield than those planted under the other shade/light treatments (30% and 40% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets) since the plants pseudostem u...

Xenobiotics are chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, and environmental agents (Mondofacto online medical dictionary at www.mondofacto.com).The classes of xenobiotics include: pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated aromatics, solvents, hydrocarbons, and others (surfactants, silicones, and plastics). Xenobiotics levels in soils are generally low (less than 100 ppm) unless they are concentrated by application as in the case of pesticides, by spills or by waste disposal. They can occur in soils in solid, dissolved and gaseous phases and all undergo microbial and abiotic (chemical) transformations (Logan, 2000). Photo source: www.cleanwaterfund.com Pesticides are the most important xenobiotic pollutants because of their widespread use in agriculture. In many developing countries, unregulated use of pesticides by poor farmers contributes not only to environmental pollution but to health probl...

Dr. Nicolas L. Galvez (1903-1991) laid down the groundwork for the different fields of soil science in the Philippines and he trained many Filipino soil scientists as a professor at the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture (UPCA) for 42 years. He was the head of the Soils Department at UPCA from 1948 to 1961, a difficult but crucial post-war period that had long-term impact on the development of soil science as an academic field in the country. Upon his retirement in 1970, Dr. N.L. Galvez was honored by being appointed as a University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) Emeritus Professor.  Dr. N.L. Galvez (Source: SAED, UPLB-CA) Dr. N.L. Galvez was an internationally recognized scientist having published numerous relevant scientific papers on soil chemistry, soil mineralogy, and other aspects of soil science. For his pioneering and great contributions to the development of soil science in the Philippines, Dr. Galvez is widely considered, and deserves to be called, ...

Students of soil science are taught that to determine the amount of soil organic matter, soil organic carbon is measured usually by wet oxidation using potassium dichromate (called Walkley-Black method) or in well-equipped laboratories, using CN analyser and then multiplied by a conversion factor of 1.72 or 1.724. Most textbooks and laboratory manuals do not explain how this factor was obtained, so students generally accept the value without any question just like they do with other constants used in natural sciences.  Origin of the conversion factor The conversion factor has a very long history and has practically survived the test of time and modern analytical methods. It is about 150 years old. It was based on studies in the 1820s by the famous agricultural chemist, Carl Sprengel of Goettingen University, that organic matter contains 58 percent carbon. But it was another leading agricultural chemistry pioneer, Emil Wolff from Hohenheim, who introduced the value of 1.724 in 1864....